Satellites equipped with solar sails can help shield against dangerous geomagnetic storms (photo).

The solar sail technology will enable scientists to provide early warnings about the onset of solar or geomagnetic storms, which could disrupt technological systems on Earth, reports Space.

The solar sail, attached to a satellite, utilizes particles of light or photons emitted by the Sun to propel the spacecraft forward. The solar sail offers a more efficient means of travel in space compared to chemical engines.

Currently, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are using various satellites to collect data on solar flares and generate warnings about potential geomagnetic storms on Earth that could affect different technologies.

Some satellites not only monitor solar activity but also track the solar wind. This wind consists of electrons and protons ejected from the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere, known as the corona. Monitoring the solar wind is crucial because when it interacts with our planet, it can engage with Earth's magnetic field and trigger a geomagnetic storm.

Although warnings of solar storms are issued prior to their occurrence, more time is still needed for preparation if there is a chance of impact on various types of technological systems, including power grids and GPS.

Therefore, scientists continue to work on how future satellites will assist in obtaining earlier warnings about geomagnetic storms. This means finding ways to gather information shortly after solar flares. This is where solar sails come into play.

With their assistance, satellites will be able to travel much closer to the Sun and gather necessary data much earlier, allowing for timely preparations for the onset of a solar storm, say the scientists.

NOAA is currently developing a full-scale version of the solar sail as part of the Solar Cruiser project in collaboration with NASA. Once deployed, the solar sail will have an area of 1,653 square meters.

The project is expected to be completed by February 2026, and if everything goes according to plan, NOAA hopes to begin utilizing the solar sail in 2029.